SQLite – Perl

安裝

SQLite3 可使用 Perl DBI 模塊與 Perl 進(jìn)行集成。Perl DBI 模塊是 Perl 編程語言的數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問模塊。它定義了一組提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)庫接口的方法、變量及規(guī)則。

下面顯示了在 Linux/UNIX 機(jī)器上安裝 DBI 模塊的簡單步驟：

$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TI/TIMB/DBI-1.625.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz DBI-1.625.tar.gz
$ cd DBI-1.625
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install

如果您需要為 DBI 安裝 SQLite 驅(qū)動程序，那么可按照以下步驟進(jìn)行安裝：

$ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/M/MS/MSERGEANT/DBD-SQLite-1.11.tar.gz
$ tar xvfz DBD-SQLite-1.11.tar.gz
$ cd DBD-SQLite-1.11
$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install

DBI 接口 API

以下是重要的 DBI 程序，可以滿足您在 Perl 程序中使用 SQLite 數(shù)據(jù)庫的需求。如果您需要了解更多細(xì)節(jié)，請查看 Perl DBI 官方文檔。

連接數(shù)據(jù)庫

下面的 Perl 代碼顯示了如何連接到一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)庫。如果數(shù)據(jù)庫不存在，那么它就會被創(chuàng)建，最后將返回一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫對象。

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "SQLite"; 
my $database = "test.db";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database";
my $userid = "";
my $password = "";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 }) 
                      or die $DBI::errstr;

print "Opened database successfully\n";

現(xiàn)在，讓我們來運(yùn)行上面的程序，在當(dāng)前目錄中創(chuàng)建我們的數(shù)據(jù)庫 test.db。您可以根據(jù)需要改變路徑。保存上面代碼到 sqlite.pl 文件中，并按如下所示執(zhí)行。如果數(shù)據(jù)庫成功創(chuàng)建，那么會顯示下面所示的消息：

$ chmod +x sqlite.pl
$ ./sqlite.pl
Open database successfully

創(chuàng)建表

下面的 Perl 代碼段將用于在先前創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "SQLite";
my $database = "test.db";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database";
my $userid = "";
my $password = "";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
                      or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(CREATE TABLE COMPANY
      (ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
       NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
       AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
       ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
       SALARY         REAL););
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt);
if($rv < 0){    print $DBI::errstr; } else {    print "Table created successfully\n"; } $dbh->disconnect();

上述程序執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會在 test.db 中創(chuàng)建 COMPANY 表，并顯示下面所示的消息：

Opened database successfully
Table created successfully

注意：如果您在任何操作中遇到了下面的錯(cuò)誤： in case you see following error in any of the operation:

DBD::SQLite::st execute failed: not an error(21) at dbdimp.c line 398

在這種情況下，您已經(jīng)在 DBD-SQLite 安裝中打開了可用的 dbdimp.c 文件，找到 sqlite3_prepare() 函數(shù)，并把它的第三個(gè)參數(shù) 0 改為 -1。最后使用 make 和 make install 安裝 DBD::SQLite，即可解決問題。 in this case you will have open dbdimp.c file available in DBD-SQLite installation and find out sqlite3_prepare() function and change its third argument to -1 instead of 0. Finally install DBD::SQLite using make and do make install to resolve the problem.

INSERT 操作

下面的 Perl 程序顯示了如何在上面創(chuàng)建的 COMPANY 表中創(chuàng)建記錄：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "SQLite";
my $database = "test.db";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database";
my $userid = "";
my $password = "";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
                      or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ));
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ));
$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 ));
$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

$stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
      VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 ););
$rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;

print "Records created successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

上述程序執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會在 COMPANY 表中創(chuàng)建給定記錄，并會顯示以下兩行：

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT 操作

下面的 Perl 程序顯示了如何從前面創(chuàng)建的 COMPANY 表中獲取并顯示記錄：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "SQLite";
my $database = "test.db";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database";
my $userid = "";
my $password = "";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
                      or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;);
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
my $rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
if($rv < 0){    print $DBI::errstr; } while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
      print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      print "SALARY =  ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

上述程序執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  20000

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully

UPDATE 操作

下面的 Perl 代碼顯示了如何使用 UPDATE 語句來更新任何記錄，然后從 COMPANY 表中獲取并顯示更新的記錄：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "SQLite";
my $database = "test.db";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database";
my $userid = "";
my $password = "";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
                      or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;);
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
if( $rv < 0 ){    print $DBI::errstr; }else{    print "Total number of rows updated : $rv\n"; } $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;); my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
$rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
if($rv < 0){    print $DBI::errstr; } while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
      print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      print "SALARY =  ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

上述程序執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Opened database successfully
Total number of rows updated : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  25000

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY =  15000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully

DELETE 操作

下面的 Perl 代碼顯示了如何使用 DELETE 語句刪除任何記錄，然后從 COMPANY 表中獲取并顯示剩余的記錄：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use DBI;
use strict;

my $driver   = "SQLite";
my $database = "test.db";
my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database";
my $userid = "";
my $password = "";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
                      or die $DBI::errstr;
print "Opened database successfully\n";

my $stmt = qq(DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;);
my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
if( $rv < 0 ){    print $DBI::errstr; }else{    print "Total number of rows deleted : $rv\n"; } $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary  from COMPANY;); my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
$rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
if($rv < 0){    print $DBI::errstr; } while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
      print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
      print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
      print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
      print "SALARY =  ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
}
print "Operation done successfully\n";
$dbh->disconnect();

上述程序執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Opened database successfully
Total number of rows deleted : 1
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY =  25000

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY =  20000

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY =  65000

Operation done successfully